Epstein Pearls in Babies: Causes, Symptoms, and Safe Treatment


It’s completely natural for parents to worry when they notice tiny white or yellow bumps inside their newborn’s mouth. Many assume they’re early teeth or signs of infection—but most of the time, they’re harmless Epstein pearls. These are small, painless cysts that appear in more than half of all newborns and disappear on their own.

What Are Epstein Pearls?

Epstein pearls are small, noncancerous cysts that develop on a baby’s gums or the roof of the mouth. They’re named after Dr. Alois Epstein, who first described them in 1880. They’re also called palatal cysts or gingival cysts of the newborn. These cysts are firm, white or yellowish, and typically measure just 1–3 millimeters. Because of their color and texture, they’re often mistaken for baby teeth.

Why Do Epstein Pearls Form?

These cysts are a normal result of how the mouth develops during pregnancy. When the two halves of a baby’s palate fuse, a few skin cells get trapped beneath the surface. These cells fill with keratin—the same protein that forms hair and nails—creating the tiny pearl-like bumps. They are not caused by infection, poor hygiene, or feeding habits, and parents don’t need to worry about preventing them.

Are Epstein Pearls Painful?

Not at all. Epstein pearls don’t cause discomfort, and they don’t interfere with feeding, breathing, or sleeping. If your baby seems fussy or uncomfortable, another cause may be to blame.

How Long Do They Last?

Epstein pearls usually disappear naturally within a few weeks. The gentle friction from nursing or using a pacifier helps them rupture or dissolve on their own. In some cases, they may take up to three months to completely fade away.

Do They Need Treatment?

No treatment is required. Epstein pearls are harmless and self-resolving. The best approach is to simply leave them alone. Avoid poking, popping, or scraping them, as that can irritate your baby’s gums and lead to infection.

Gentle Care Tips for Parents

  • Wipe your baby’s gums daily with a clean, damp cloth or sterile gauze.

  • Continue feeding as usual—breast milk or formula keeps the mouth naturally clean.

  • Avoid using home remedies like honey or oils.

When to See a Doctor

If the bumps last longer than three months, appear red or swollen, or cause feeding discomfort, it’s best to consult a pediatrician or pediatric dentist. Most can recognize Epstein pearls instantly and rule out other conditions like thrush or natal teeth.

The Takeaway

Epstein pearls are a normal part of newborn development—not a cause for alarm. They heal on their own and don’t require any treatment. If you’re unsure about those tiny white bumps, visit Oris Dental Center in Dubai for a gentle pediatric dental checkup and professional reassurance.

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