Hyperdontia Supernumerary Teeth - Do you Need To Remove Them or Not



Hyperdontia is a rare dental condition where extra teeth, known as supernumerary teeth, develop alongside the normal set of teeth. These additional teeth typically grow near or behind primary or permanent teeth. Although uncommon—affecting only 1% to 4% of the population—hyperdontia is more frequently observed in males. In many cases, it does not require treatment unless it causes complications.

What Is Hyperdontia?

Children usually develop 20 primary teeth, which are later replaced by 32 permanent teeth. However, in rare instances, extra teeth may emerge, either as additional primary or permanent teeth. These supernumerary teeth can appear anywhere in the mouth but are most commonly found near the upper front teeth (mesiodens) or around the molars (paramolars and distomolars).

The exact cause of hyperdontia remains unclear, but it is often linked to genetic factors and medical conditions such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and Gardner’s syndrome.

Types of Supernumerary Teeth

Supernumerary teeth can be classified based on their location and shape.

1. Based on Location:

  • Mesiodens: Develop between the two central upper front teeth.
  • Paramolars: Appear near the molars.
  • Distomolars: Grow behind the third molars (wisdom teeth).
  • Premolars: Found near the premolars.

2. Based on Shape:

  • Conical: Small, peg-shaped teeth.
  • Tuberculate: Barrel-shaped with multiple cusps.
  • Supplemental: Resemble normal teeth.
  • Odontoma: Irregular dental tissue formations.

Symptoms and Discomfort from Extra Teeth

Not everyone with hyperdontia experiences pain, but in some cases, extra teeth can lead to discomfort, gum pressure, or misalignment. Poor eruption may also cause inflammation or infections.

Common symptoms include:

  • Pain or tenderness in the affected area
  • Gum swelling or redness
  • Difficulty chewing or biting
  • Teeth misalignment or crowding
  • Cysts forming around the extra tooth

Is Hyperdontia Dangerous?

Hyperdontia is not a life-threatening condition, but it can cause:

  • Crowding and misalignment
  • Difficulty maintaining oral hygiene
  • Increased risk of cavities and gum disease
  • Cyst or tumor formation around the extra teeth

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity and includes:

  • Monitoring: If no issues arise, regular check-ups may suffice.
  • Extraction: Removal is necessary if the teeth cause discomfort or misalignment.
  • Orthodontic Treatment: Braces may be used to correct alignment after extraction.

If you suspect hyperdontia, consulting a dentist can help determine the best course of action for optimal oral health.

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